AB-ABDOMEN STANDARD ANSWERS - CERTIFICATION AB-ABDOMEN EXAM

AB-Abdomen Standard Answers - Certification AB-Abdomen Exam

AB-Abdomen Standard Answers - Certification AB-Abdomen Exam

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Tags: AB-Abdomen Standard Answers, Certification AB-Abdomen Exam, AB-Abdomen Online Exam, Real AB-Abdomen Exam Answers, Real AB-Abdomen Question

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Certification AB-Abdomen Exam - AB-Abdomen Online Exam

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ARDMS Abdomen Sonography Examination Sample Questions (Q69-Q74):

NEW QUESTION # 69
What is the most common cause of nutcracker syndrome?

  • A. Compression of left renal vein between superior mesenteric artery and aorta
  • B. Compression of left renal vein between inferior vena cava and aorta
  • C. Compression of right renal vein between superior mesenteric artery and aorta
  • D. Compression of right renal vein between inferior vena cava and aorta

Answer: A

Explanation:
Nutcracker syndrome results from compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. This can cause hematuria, flank pain, and pelvic congestion due to impaired venous drainage.
According to Zwiebel's Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound:
"In nutcracker syndrome, the left renal vein is compressed between the aorta and SMA, resulting in venous hypertension." Reference:
Zwiebel WJ, Pellerito JS. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasound. 6th ed. Elsevier, 2019.
AIUM Practice Parameter for Abdominal Vascular Ultrasound, 2020.
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NEW QUESTION # 70
Which condition is most likely in a patient presenting with weight loss and fatigue along with elevated liver enzymes, elevated potassium, and decreased sodium?

  • A. Addison disease
  • B. Acute pancreatitis
  • C. Conn syndrome
  • D. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer: A

Explanation:
Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) results in insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone.
The hallmark laboratory findings include:
* Hyponatremia (low sodium)
* Hyperkalemia (high potassium)
* Elevated liver enzymes (due to nonspecific hepatic involvement)
* Fatigue, weight loss, and hypotension are common clinical features.
* Conn syndrome (B) causes hyperaldosteronism, leading to hypokalemia (not hyperkalemia).
* Acute pancreatitis (C) would typically show elevated amylase/lipase.
* Hepatocellular carcinoma (D) may present with elevated liver enzymes but not the electrolyte pattern described.
Reference Extracts:
* Nieman LK. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency." J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2011;96(7):1957-1966.
* Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
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NEW QUESTION # 71
In which segment is the solid mass located in this transverse image of the liver?

  • A. Left lateral
  • B. Right posterior
  • C. Right anterior
  • D. Left medial

Answer: B

Explanation:
The transverse ultrasound image of the liver shows a solid, hypoechoic mass located in the posterior aspect of the right lobe of the liver. In this view:
* The anterior aspect of the liver is at the top of the image (near the transducer).
* The posterior aspect is at the bottom (deeper).
* The right lobe occupies the majority of the screen on transverse imaging when the probe is placed in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant.
Anatomically, the right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the right hepatic vein in the coronal plane. In transverse imaging:
* The right anterior segment lies closer to the anterior abdominal wall.
* The right posterior segment lies deeper (posteriorly).
Given that the mass is seen deep within the liver on the right side of the image, it is best localized to the right posterior segment (Segment VI or VII depending on the exact craniocaudal level).
Comparison of answer choices:
* A. Left lateral is located far to the left of the image and typically appears higher and more anterior on transverse scans.
* B. Left medial lies near the midline and would appear adjacent to the ligamentum teres or falciform ligament.
* C. Right anterior lies closer to the transducer (top of the image), not posteriorly.
* D. Right posterior - Correct. This is the segment shown deep in the right lobe of the liver.
References:
Couinaud C. Liver anatomy: portal (and hepatic) segmentation. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1957.
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound, 5th ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Hagen-Ansert SL. Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 8th ed. Elsevier; 2017.


NEW QUESTION # 72
Where is the main pancreatic duct located?

  • A. Ventral to the pancreatic body
  • B. Dorsal to the superior mesenteric artery
  • C. Dorsal to the common bile duct
  • D. Medial to the superior mesenteric vein

Answer: D

Explanation:
The main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) runs through the central portion of the pancreas, medial and slightly posterior to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). It converges with the common bile duct near the ampulla of Vater.
According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy:
"The main pancreatic duct runs centrally within the gland and lies medial to the superior mesenteric vein." Reference:
Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer, 2018.
Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th ed., Elsevier, 2019.
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NEW QUESTION # 73
Which lymph node shape is concerning for malignancy in the post-thyroidectomy neck?

  • A. Taller than wide
  • B. Round
  • C. Wider than tall
  • D. Oval

Answer: B

Explanation:
Malignant lymph nodes are often round in shape (short axis/long axis ratio approaches 1), while benign lymph nodes are typically oval (short axis/long axis ratio < 0.5). Rounded shape in post-thyroidectomy patients raises suspicion for metastatic disease.
According to AIUM and ACR Thyroid Imaging Guidelines:
"A rounded lymph node shape is suspicious for malignancy, especially in patients with thyroid cancer." Reference:
AIUM Practice Parameter for Thyroid and Neck Ultrasound, 2020.
ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), 2017.
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NEW QUESTION # 74
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